Quantification Annotation in ISO 24617-12, Second Draft

Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2022), pages 3407–3416 Marseille, 20-25 June 2022 © European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC-4.0 3407 Quantification Annotation in ISO 24617-12, Second Draft Harry Bunt⋄, Maxime Amblard⋆, Johan Bos†, Kar¨en Fort⋆‡, Philippe de Groote⋆, Bruno Guillaume⋆, Chuyuan Li⋆, Pierre Ludmann⋆, Michel Musiol⋆, Siyana Pavlova⋆, Guy Perrier⋆, Sylvain Pogodalla⋆ ⋆Tilburg University, Netherlands ⋆LORIA - Universit´e de Lorraine, Nancy, France ⋆University of Groningen, Netherlands ‡Sorbonne Universit´e, Paris, France <first name>.<surname>@<uvt.nl | loria.fr | rug.nl> Abstract This paper describes the continuation of a project that aims at establishing an interoperable annotation scheme for quantification phenomena as part of the ISO suite of standards for semantic annotation, known as the Semantic Annotation Framework. After a break, caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, the project was relaunched in early 2022 with a second working draft, which deals with certain issues in the annotation of quantification in a more satisfactory way than the original first working draft. Keywords: semantic annotation, quantification, interoperability, annotation schema, ISO standard 1. Introduction In 2019 the ISO organisation initiated a project that aims to define an annotation schema for quantification phenomena, as part of the suite of semantic annotation standards known as the Semantic Annotation Frame- work (SemAF). The project was kicked off with a first draft of an annotation schema called QuantML (ISO WD 24617-12). Due to the Covid pandemic, project activities in 2020 were postponed to 2021. The Quan- tification Annotation Challenge at the IWCS 2021 con- ference, together with feedback from ISO experts, re- sulted in a second draft of the QuantML annotation scheme (ISO WD 24617-12, Second Draft, November 2021) and a formal restart of the project. This paper discusses some issues in the annotation of quantification that did not have a satisfactory treatment in the original first working draft (‘FD’, 2019), and how these issues are addressed in the second draft (‘SD’, 2021). These issues concern primarily the coverage and expressive adequacy of QuantML annotations, in particular relating to the distinction between restrictive and non-restrictive NP head modification, to quantifi- cational aspects of relative clauses and prepositional phrases, and to generic quantification, but they also concern the conceptual clarity and transparency of the annotation scheme and the use of alternative represen- tation formats and annotation tools. This paper is organised as follows. Section 2 briefly summarizes the approach and the analytical framework for the annotation of quantification phenomena used in the project (for more detail see Bunt et al., 2018 and Bunt, 2020). Section 3 discusses the main issues that were addressed in the Second Draft. Section 4 is con- cerned with the usability of the QuantML scheme, in relation to its conceptual clarity and transparency, and support of intuitive representation formats. Section 5 wraps up with concluding remarks and suggestions for future work. 2. QuantML 2.1. Analytical Framework 2.1.1. ISO Semantic Annotation Framework The QuantML scheme is designed according to the ISO principles of semantic annotation (ISO standard 24617- 6, ‘SemAF Principles’, see also …

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