Articles

. Most current Machine Translation (MT) systems do not improve with feedback from post-editors beyond the addition of corrected translations to parallel training data (for statistical and example-base MT) or to a memory database. Rule based systems to date im- prove only via manual debugging. In contrast, we introduce a …...

. The Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank (PCEDT) is a syntactically annotated Czech-English parallel corpus. The Penn Treebank has been translated to Czech, and its annotation automatically transformed into dependency annotation scheme. The dependency annotation of Czech is done from plain text by automatic procedures. A small subset of corresponding Czech …...

. We present the current status of development of an open-source shallow-transfer machine translation engine for the Romance languages of Spain (the main ones being Span- ish, Catalan and Galician) as part of a larger government-funded project which includes non-Romance languages such as Basque and involving both universities and linguistic …...

. In this paper, we present a language model based on clusters obtained by applying regular expressions to the training data and, thus, discriminating several different sentence types as, e.g. interrog- atives, imperatives or enumerations. The main motivation lies in the observation that different sentence types also underlie a different …...

In this paper we describe searchable trans- lation memories, which allow translators to search their archives for possible trans- lations of phrases. We describe how sta- tistical machine translation can be used to align subsentential units in a translation memory, and rank them by their proba- bility. We detail a …...

Collocation extraction systems based on pure statistical methods suffer from two major problems. The first problem is their relatively low precision and recall rates. The second problem is their difficulty in dealing with sparse collocations. In order to improve performance, both statistical and lexicographic approaches should be considered. This paper …...

We present a new approach to aligning sentences in bilingual parallel corpora based on punctuation, especially for English and Chinese. Although the length-based approach produces high accuracy rates of sentence alignment for clean parallel corpora written in two Western languages, such as French-English or German-English, it does not work as …...

This paper presents a novel approach to ontology alignment and domain ontology extraction from two existing knowledge bases: WordNet and HowNet. These two knowledge bases are automatically aligned to construct a bilingual ontology based on the co-occurrence of words in a bilingual parallel corpus. The bilingual ontology achieves greater structural …...

This article investigates the use of several lightly supervised and data-driven approaches to Mandarin broadcast news transcription. With the special structural properties of the Chinese language taken into consideration, a fast acoustic look-ahead technique for estimating the unexplored part of a speech utterance is integrated into lexical tree search to …...

Theoretically, an improvement in a language model occurs as the size of the n-grams increases from 3 to 5 or higher. As the n-gram size increases, the number of parameters and calculations, and the storage requirement increase very rapidly if we attempt to store all possible combinations of n-grams. To …...

In this paper we examine the issues that arise from the annotation of the discourse connectives for the Chinese Discourse Treebank Project. This project is based on the same principles as the PDTB, a project that annotates the English discourse con- nectives in the Penn Treebank. The pa- per begins …...

The Proposition Bank (PropBank) project is aimed at creating a corpus of text an- notated with information about seman- tic propositions. The second phase of the project, PropBank II adds additional levels of semantic annotation which in- clude eventuality variables, co-reference, coarse-grained sense tags, and discourse connectives. This paper presents …...

We report the results of a study of the reliability of anaphoric annotation which (i) involved a substantial number of naive subjects, (ii) used Krippendorff’s α in- stead of K to measure agreement, as re- cently proposed by Passonneau, and (iii) allowed annotators to mark anaphoric ex- pressions as ambiguous. …...

This paper describes a semantically rich, human-aided machine annotation system created within the Ontological Semantics (OntoSem) environment using the DEKADE toolset. In contrast to main- stream annotation efforts, this method of annotation provides more information at a lower cost and, for the most part, shifts the maintenance of consistency to …...

We present a framework for the integrated analysis of the textual and prosodic char- acteristics of information structure in the Switchboard corpus of conversational En- glish. Information structure describes the availability, organisation and salience of entities in a discourse model. We present standards for the annotation of informa- tion status …...

This paper describes extensions to a corpus annotation scheme for the manual annotation of attributions, as well as opinions, emotions, sentiments, speculations, evaluations and other private states in language. It discusses the scheme with respect to the “Pie in the Sky” Check List of Desirable Semantic Information for Annotation. We …...

The annotations of the Penn Discourse Treebank (PDTB) include (1) discourse connectives and their arguments, and (2) attribution of each argument of each con- nective and of the relation it denotes. Be- cause the PDTB covers the same text as the Penn TreeBank WSJ corpus, syntac- tic and discourse annotation …...

We describe a parallel annotation ap- proach for PubMed abstracts. It includes both entity/relation annotation and a tree- bank containing syntactic structure, with a goal of mapping entities to constituents in the treebank. Crucial to this approach is a modification of the Penn Treebank guide- lines and the characterization of …...

Many recent annotation efforts for English have focused on pieces of the larger problem of semantic annotation, rather than initially producing a single unified representation. This paper discusses the issues involved in merging four of these efforts into a unified linguistic structure: PropBank, NomBank, the Discourse Treebank and Coreference Annotation …...

We investigated of the characteristics of in-text causal relations. We designed causal relation tags. With our designed tag set, three annotators annotated 750 Japanese newspaper articles. Then, using the annotated corpus, we investigated the causal relation instances from some view- points. Our quantitative study shows that what amount of causal …...