Articles

A critical path in the development of natural language understanding (NLU) modules lies in the difficulty of defining a mapping from words to semantics: Usually it takes in the order of years of highly-skilled labor to de- velop a semantic mapping, e.g., in the form of a semantic grammar, that …...

We report in this paper the observation of one tokenization per source. That is, the same critical fragment in different sentences from the same source almost always realize one and the same of its many possible tokenizations. This observation is demonstrated very helpful in sentence tokenization practice, and is argued …...

We introduce an algorithm for scope resolution in underspecified semantic representations. Scope pref- erences are suggested on the basis of semantic argu- ment structure. The major novelty of this approach is that, while maintaining an (scopally) underspec- ified semantic representation, we at the same time suggest a resolution possibility. The …...

This paper presents a method for extracting subcorpora documenting different subcate- gorization frames for verbs, nouns, and adjectives in the 100 mio. word British National Corpus. The extraction tool consists of a set of batch files for use with the Corpus Query Processor (CQP), which is part of the IMS …...

We developed a Japanese morphological analyzer that uses the co-occurrence of words to select the correct sequence of words in an unsegmented Japanese sentence. The co-occurrence information can be obtained from cases where the system incorrectly analyzes sentences. As the amount of information increases, the accuracy of the system increases …...

This paper presents a new model for word align- ments between parallel sentences, which allows one to accurately estimate different parameters, in a computationally efficient way. An applica- tion of this model to bilingual terminology ex- traction, where terms are identified in one lan- guage and guessed, through the alignment …...

Two trends are evident in the recent evolution of the field of information extraction: a preference for simple, often corpus-driven techniques over linguistically sophisticated ones; and a broaden- ing of the central problem definition to include many non-traditional text domains. This devel- opment calls for information extraction systems which are …...

A layered approach to information retrieval permits the inclusion of multiple search en- gines as well as multiple databases, with a natural language layer to convert English queries for use by the various search en- gines. The NLP layer incorporates mor- phological analysis, noun phrase syntax, and semantic expansion based …...

This paper proposes an input-splitting method for translating spoken-language which includes many long or ill-formed expressions. The pro- posed method splits input into well-balanced translation units based on a semantic distance calculation. The splitting is performed dur- ing left-to-right parsing, and does not degrade translation efficiency. The complete translation result …...

In this paper we deal with several kinds of anaphora in unrestricted texts. These kinds of anaphora are pronominal references, surface- count anaphora and one-anaphora. In order to solve these anaphors we work on the output of a part-of-speech tagger, on which we automatically apply a partial parsing from the …...

In this paper we present the results of the combination of stochastic and rule-based disambiguation methods applied to Basque languagel. The methods we have used in disambiguation are Constraint Grammar formalism and an HMM based tagger developed within the MULTEXT project. As Basque is an agglutinative language, a morphological analyser …...

In wide-coverage lexicalized grammars many of the elementary structures have substructures in common. This means that in conventional pars- ing algorithms some of the computation associ- ated with different structures is duplicated. In this paper we describe a precompilation tech- nique for such grammars which allows some of this computation …...

In this paper we present an ambiguity preserv- ing translation approach which transfers am- biguous LFG f-structure representations. It is based on packed f-structure representations which are the result of potentially ambiguous utterances. If the ambiguities between source and target language can be preserved, no un- packing during transfer is …...

To segment texts in thematic units, we present here how a basic principle relying on word distribution can be applied on different kind of texts. We start from an existing method well adapted for scientific texts, and we propose its adaptation to other kinds of texts by using semantic links …...

This paper describes a spelling correction system that functions as part of an intelligent tutor that car- ries on a natural language dialogue with its users. The process that searches the lexicon is adaptive as is the system filter, to speed up the process. The basis of our approach is …...

This paper presents a practical foreign language writing support tool which makes it much easier to utilize dictionary and example sentence resources. Like a Kana-Kanji conversion front-end processor used to input Japanese language text, this tool is also implemented as a front-end processor and can be combined with a wide …...

We describe a corpus-based investigation of propos- als in dialogue. First, we describe our DR/compliant coding scheme and report our inter-coder reliability results. Next, we test several hypotheses about what constitutes a well-formed proposal. 1...

We introduce a first-order language for seman- tic underspecification that we call Constraint Language for Lambda-Structures (CLLS). A A- structure can be considered as a A-term up to consistent renaming of bound variables (a- equality); a constraint of CLLS is an underspec- ified description of a A-structure. CLLS solves a …...

In this paper we describe a method for per- forming word sense disambiguation (WSD). The method relies on unsupervised learning and ex- ploits functional relations among words as pro- duced by a shallow parser. By exploiting an er- ror driven rule learning algorithm (Brill 1997), the system is able to …...

The EU Copernicus project Multext-East has created a multi-lingual corpus of text and speech data, covering the six languages of the project: Bulgarian, Czech, Estonian, Hungarian, Romanian, and Slovene. In addition, wordform lexicons for each of the languages were developed. The corpus includes a parallel component consisting of Orwell's Nineteen …...