Articles

This paper describes a semi-automatic method for associating a Japanese lexicon with a se- mantic concept taxonomy called an ontology, using a Japanese-English bilingual dictionary as a "bridge". The ontology supports semantic processing in a knowledge-based machine translation system by providing a set of language-neutral symbols with semantic information. To …...

Sharing knowledge across projects is often considered impossible, especially if the sys- tems involved present differences in underlying theory, representation, or even program- ming language. This paper, taking a collaboration between the CAT2 and PANGLOSS MT projects as an example, demonstrates that it is possible to combine resources devel- oped …...

Marketing to a global clientele requires adaptation to the clientele's locale. Adaptation can be built into the production process or it can be achieved through more costly and time-consuming retrofitting. Local standards, cultural aspects and the meaning of symbols and icons have to be observed and incorporated; in other words, …...

This paper describes a method of evaluating quality for developers of machine translation sys- tems to easily check imperfections in their own systems. This evaluation method is a systematic, objective method along with test example sets in which we clarified the evaluation procedure by adding yes/no questions and explanations to …...

The extension of an existing text understanding system to multilingual translation using an interlingual approach prompted the search for a language-independent means of expressing predicates and predicate relations. The approach adopted was Lexical Conceptual Structure (LCS), as put forth by [2, 3] and [1]. LCS incorporates notions of event structure, …...

Since MT systems, whatever translation method they employ, do not reach an optimum output on free text; each method handles some problems better than others. The PANGLOSS Mark III system is an MT environment that uses the best results from a variety of independent MT systems or engines working simultaneously …...

The paper discusses several complex transfer problems and their prospective solutions within an English-to-Swedish spoken language translation system. The emphasis in the text is on transfer problems which are not lexically triggered, concentrating mainly on the translation of differences in mood and tense. Laying the groundworks for the trans- lation …...

We propose a new algorithm, DK-vec, for aligning pairs of Asian/Indo-European noisy parallel texts without sentence boundaries. The algorithm uses frequency, position and recency information as features for pattern matching. Dynamic Time Warping is used as the matching technique between word pairs. This algorithm produces a small bilingual lexicon which …...

1. Background Lingtech A/S (A/S = Inc.) was established by two Danish major patent attorney companies, Hofman- Bang & Boutard A/S and Lehmann & Ree A/S. The background for the formation of the company was the...

The purpose of this paper is to describe the functions and procedures of the eight components of the Panglyzer Spanish analyzer of the knowledge-based engine of the Pangloss machine translation system. The Panglyzer follows a multi-pass approach consisting of preprocessing, part-of-speech tagging, phrase recognition, proper name classification, phrase analysis, clause …...

It is often argued that accurate machine translation requires reference to contextual knowledge for the correct treatment of linguistic phenomena such as dropped arguments and accurate lexical selection. One of the historical arguments in favor of the interlingua approach has been that, since it revolves around a deep semantic representation, …...

The interlingua (IL) in machine translation (MT) systems can be defined in terms of two components: (i) "lexical IL forms" within language-specific lexicons where each lexical entry has associated with it one or more lexical representations, and (ii) algorithms for creating and decom- posing the instantiated "pivot" representation. Within this …...

This paper describes research toward the automatic interpretation of compound nouns using corpus statistics. An initial study aimed at syntactic disambiguation is presented. The approach presented bases associations upon thesaurus categories. Association data is gathered from unambiguous cases extracted from a corpus and is then applied to the analysis of …...

This article outlines a new method of locating discourse boundaries based on lexical cohesion and a graphical technique called dotplotting. The application of dot- plotting to discourse segmentation can be performed ei- ther manually, by examining a graph, or automatically, using an optimization algorithm. The results of two ex- periments …...

This paper addresses the alignment issue in the framework of exploitation of large bi- multilingual corpora for translation purposes. A generic alignment scheme is proposed that can meet varying requirements of different applications. Depending on the level at which alignment is sought, appropriate surface linguistic information is invoked coupled with …...

1 2 3 4 Degraded text recognition is a difficult task. Given a Please fin in tire noisy text image, a word recognizer can be applied to 0.90 0.33 0.30 0.80 Fleece fill In toe generate several candidates for each word image. High- o. o5 o. 30 o. 28 o. …...

We introduce the bilingual dual-coding theory as a model for bilingual mental representation. Based on this model, lexical selection neural networks are imple- mented for a connectionist transfer project in machine translation....

The temporal relations that hold between events de- scribed by successive utterances are often left implicit or underspecified. We address the role of two phenom- ena with respect to the recovery of these relations: (1) the referential properties of tense, and (2) the role of temporal constraints imposed by coherence …...

Semantic feedback is an important source of informa- tion that a parser could use to deal with local ambigu- ities in syntax. However, it is difficult to devise a sys- tematic communication mechanism for interactive syn- tax and semantics. In this article, I propose a variant of left-corner parsing to …...

An extension to classical unification, called graded unifica- tion is presented. It is capable of combining contradictory information. An interactive processing paradigm and parser based on this new operator are also presented....