Articles

A proposal is made for the use of contextual in- formation in the machine translation of Japanese and English. This paper describes the use of a Context Monitor to nlaintaill contextual infortmt- tion dyn,'unically and the ~tugmenlalion of appro- priate features to ~t semantic network to enahh~ simple inference. The …...

Distinguishing exceptional translation examples is an important issue in example-based transflw systems, because such systems use exceptional and general translation examples unifi)rmly. This l);qmr ,lescribes a mechanism for dealing with exc,q)tiomd transla- tion examples in our example-hosed tnLnsfer system, Sim~lban, and proposes a method for identifying such examples in a …...

This paper presents a heuristic method that uses information in the Japanese text along with knowledge of English countability and number stored in transfer dictionaries to de- termine the countability and number of En- glish.noun phrases. Incorporating this method into the machine translation system ALTJ/E, helped tO raise the percentage …...

This paper outlines customization of a machine translation system using translation templates, which enable usm~ to represent the bilingual knowledge needed for complex translation. To evaluate their effectiveness, we analyzed a bilingual text to estimate tire improvement in eustomizability. The result shows that about 60% of mistranslated sentences can be …...

This paper presents a brief overview of the bidirectional (Japanese and English) Transfer- Driven Machine Translation system, currently being developed at ATR. The aim of this development is to achieve bidirectional spoken dialogue translation using a new translation technique, TDMT, in which an example-based framework is fully utilized to translate …...

A new, flexible inference method for Horn logic pro- gram is proposed. It is also a drastic gencndization of chart I)aming, partial instaatiation of clauses in a pro- gram ronghly corresponding to arcs in a chart. Chart- like i)al~ing and semantic-head-driven generation emerge from this method. With a parsimonious instantiation …...

This paper presents a framework and a system for implementing, comparing and analyzing parsers for some classes of Constraint-Based Grammars. The framework consists in a uniform theoretic description of parsing algorithms, and provides the structure for decomposing the system into logical components, with possibly several inter- changeable implementations. Many parsing …...

IIuman intervention and/or training corpora tagged with various kinds of information were often assumed in many natural language acquisition models. This assumption is a major source of inconsistencies, er- rors, and inefficiency in learning. In this paper, we explore the extent to which a parser may extend it- self without …...

The natural language system DISC() is described. It combines a powerful and flexible grammar development system; • linguistic competence for German including morphol- ogy, syntax and semantics; • new metlmds for linguistic performance modelling on the basis of high-level competence grammars; • new methods for modelling multi-agent dialogue com- petence; …...

We present a new apl)roach , ilhlstrated by two algo- rithms> for parsing not only Finite SI.ate (:Iranlnlars but also Context Free Grainlnars and their extension, by means of finite state machines. '/'he basis is the com- putation of a flxed point of a linite-state function, i.e. a finite-state transducer. …...

We are concerned with the syntactic annotation of unrestricted text. We combine a rule-based analysis with subsequent exploitation of empiri- cal data. The rule~based surface syntactic anal- yser leaves some amount of ambiguity in the out- put that is resolved using empirical patterns. We have implemented a system for generating …...

In the process of establish in g the it, form ation the- ory, C. F,. Shannon prol)ose.d the Markov I)ro(:ess as a good model to characterize ~t natural la.nguage. The core or this ide.a is t;o cah:ula.te the ['re(lU('Ii- des of strings compose(l of 'n characters ('n-grams), but this statistical …...

In this paper, we describe a tool designed to gener- ate semi-automatically the sortal constraints spe- cific to a domain to be used in a natural language (NL) understanding system. This tool is evaluated using the Sll,I Gemini NL understanding system in tile ATIS domain. of work we put into …...

, MULTEXT (Multilingual Text "Fools and Corpora) is the largest project funded in the Commission of European Communities Linguistic Research and Engineering Program. The project will contribute to the development of generally usable software tools to manipulate and analyse text corpora and to create multi- lingual text corpora with structural …...

This paper describes a set of computer programs for Chinese corpus analysis. These programs include (1) extraction of different characters, bigrams and words; (2) word segmentation based on bigram, maximal-matching and the combined technique; (3) identification of special terms; (4) Chinese concordancing; (5) compiling collocation statistics and (6) evaluation utilities. …...

We show the application of an optimisation technique to natural language processing: genetic algorithms, thanks to the definition of a data structure called board and a formal distance. The system hms two interesting features: non-directionality, whict~ Ls more than hi- directionality, and self-assessment, independently of the inner knowledge. Results of …...

. The Text Encoding Initiative (TEl) is an international project established in 1988 to develop guidelines for the preparation and interchange of electronic texts for research, and to satisfy a broad range of uses by the language industries more generally. The need for standardized encoding practices has become inxreasingly critical …...

The llank of English is an international English hm- guage project sponsored by llarper-Collins Publish- ers, Glasgow, and conducl;ed by the COBUILD team at the University of Birrnhlgham, UK. The text hank will comprise some 200 million words of both written and spoken English. The whole 200 million word col …...

Toshihisa Tashiro Noriyoshi Uratani Tsuyoshi Morimoto ATR Interpreting Telecommunications Research Labor~tories 2-2 tIikaridai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-02, JAPAN {tashiro,uratani,morimoto} ~itl.at r.co.jp A part-of-speech tagged corpus is a very hnportant knowledge source for natural language processing researchers. 'Poday, several part-of-speech tagged corpora are readily available for research use. [Iowever, because there …...

This paper presents an algorithm for selecting an appropriate classifier word for a noun. In Thai language, it frequently happens that there is fluctuation in the choice of classifier for a given concrete noun, both from the point of view of the whole speech community and individual speakers. Basically, there …...