How to Analyze the Related Materials of Traditional Chinese Drama in the Early 20th Century (1900–1937) from the Perspective of Digital Humanities—Focusing on Newspaper Databases, Record Databases, and Script Collections

如何從數位人文的角度分析二十世紀初期(1900-1937)傳統戲劇相 關資料—試以報刊數據庫、唱片資料庫以及劇本合集為中心 How to Analyze the Related Materials of Traditional Chinese Drama in the Early 20th Century (1900-1937) from the Perspective of Digital Humanities—Focusing on Newspaper Databases, Record Databases, and Script Collections 吳宛怡 Wu, wan-yi 香港理工大學中國文化學系 Department of Chinese Culture The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong wan.yi.wu@polyu.edu.hk 摘要 二十世紀初期中國傳統戲劇是個蓬勃發展的領域，京劇，梆子劇等逐漸從成熟到鼎盛時 期，新劇種更是層出不窮、百花齊放。然而，學界對於本時期的研究多偏向於京劇領域， 梆子劇為首等其他地方劇種不在其視野之內，甚為遺憾。導致如此狀況的主要原因為資 料方面的缺乏。 近年來，《申報》、《順天時報》等近現代報刊數據庫的出現，使得研究者擁有更多 的新興資料來源。多種報刊上所刊登的劇評、演員介紹、劇本及演出節目表等項目，均 是理解本時期戲劇發展的重要資訊；但由於資訊過於龐大，人文學者往往僅能侷限於單 一報刊或劇種，進行收集與解讀。又，二十世紀初期唱片技術普及，唱片工業日趨茁壯， 唱片成為時人另外一種新興的聽劇體驗。現已有「中華老唱片數字資料庫」、「中華傳統 音樂資源系列數據庫」等資料庫收錄眾多的聲音資料；藉由提取本時期的各劇種唱片目 錄，演唱者，聲音資料，或能重新建構各類劇種表演流派的形成歷史。最後尚有豐富的 戲劇作品合集有待勘查。民國初年出版眾多的劇本合集，例如由王大錯編篡，出版於 1912-25 年的《戲考》，收錄當時流行的作品約有五百多齣，裡面有詳細的演唱內容，人 物行當等資訊。同樣地，也因數量龐大，無法以單一查找的方式精確判讀所有文本內容。 本回座談，試想討論若能經由系統性地數據整理，或可具體化各類劇種的發展歷程，理 解表演形式的改變，劇目的演進狀況，藉此重構多向度的戲劇研究之可能性。 Abstract In the early 20th century, traditional Chinese drama was a vigorous development field, Peking Opera, Bangzi Opera and so on gradually developed from maturity to heyday, and new types of opera emerged in an endless stream. However, the academic research on this period is mostly focused on the field of Peking Opera. It is a pity that other local operas such as Bangzi Opera are not in its field of vision. The main reason for this situation is the lack of information. The 32nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing (ROCLING 2020) The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing 421 In recent years, With the emergence of modern newspaper databases such as Shen Bao (申報), Shuntian Shibao (順天時報) researchers have more new sources of information. The dramatic criticisms, actor introductions, scripts, and performance schedules published in various newspapers are all important information for understanding the development of theater in this period; however, due to the huge amount of information, humanities scholars can only collect and interpret them in a single newspaper or drama. In addition, at the beginning of the 20th century, with the popularization of recording technology and the growing prosperity of the recording industry, records became another new experience of listening to drama. At present, there are a lot of sound data in databases such as "Chinese Old Records Digital Database", "Chinese Traditional Music Resource Series Database"; by extracting the album catalogs, singers, and sound data of various dramas of this period, it may be reconstructed the formation history of various performance genres. Finally, there are still plenty of drama works to be explored. In the early years of the Republic of China, a large number of play scripts were published, such as Xi Kao (戲考), published in 1912-25. It contains more than 500 popular dramas at that time, including detailed singing content, characters profession and other information. Similarly, due to the large number of texts, it is impossible to accurately interpret all the text content with a single search method. In this session, I would like to discuss the possibility of reconstructing multi-dimensional drama research by systematically sorting out data, or by specifying the development process of various types of drama, and understanding the changes in performance forms and the evolution of drama repertoires. 致謝 (Acknowledgments) Wu is supported by General Research Fund, The Research Grants Council, Hong Kong. Project number:15610219. The 32nd Conference on Computational Linguistics and Speech Processing (ROCLING 2020) The Association for Computational Linguistics and Chinese Language Processing 422