Articles

The shift from Computational Linguistics to Language Engineering is indicative of new trends in NLP. This paper reviews two NLP engineering problems: reuse and integration, while relating these concerns to the larger context of applied NLP. It presents a software architecture which is geared to support the development of a …...

This paper describes the LT NSL sys- tem (McKelvie et al, 1996), an architec- ture for writing corpus processing tools. This system is then compared with two other systems which address similar is- sues, the GATE system (Cunningham et al, 1995) and the IMS Corpus Workbench (Christ, 1994). In particular …...

This paper describes SMES, an informa- tion extraction core system for real world German text processing. The basic design criterion of the system is of providing a set of basic powerful, robust, and efficient nat- ural language components and generic lin- guistic knowledge sources which can easily be customized for …...

In this paper, we describe a method for automatic creation of a knowledge source for text generation using information ex- traction over the Internet. We present a prototype system called PROFILE which uses a client-server architecture to ex- tract noun-phrase descriptions of enti- ties such as people, places, and organiza- …...

We describe a prototype system for as- signing table cells to their proper place in the table's logical (relational) structure, based on a simple model of table struc- ture combined with a number of measures of cohesion between cell contents. Pre- liminary results suggest that very simple string-based cohesion measures …...

We classify and review current approaches to software infrastructure for research, de- velopment and delivery of NLP systems. The task is motivated by a discussion of current trends in the field of NLP and Lan- guage Engineering. We describe a sys- tem called GATE (a General Architecture for Text Engineering) …...

This paper presents a statistical, learned approach to finding names and other non- recursive entities in text (as per the MUC-6 definition of the NE task), using a variant of the standard hidden Markov model. We present our justification for the problem and our approach, a detailed discussion of the …...

This paper describes a prceXype for automatically scoring College Board Advanced Placement (AP) Biology essays. I. The scoring technique used in this study was based on a previous method used to score sentence-length responses (Burstein, et al, 1996). One hundred training essays were used to build an example-based lexicon and …...

Contextual spelling errors are defined as the use of an incorrect, though valid, word in a particular sentence or context. Tra- ditional spelling checkers flag misspelled words, but they do not typically attempt to identify words that are used incorrectly in a sentence. We explore the use of Latent Se- …...

In this paper, we want to show how the morphological component of an existing NLP-system for Dutch (Dutch Medical Language Processor - DMLP) has been ex- tended in order to produce output that is compatible with the language independent modules of the LSP-MLP system (Linguis- tic String Project - Medical …...

We describe the authoring tool, EasyEng- lish, which is part of IBM's internal SGML editing environment, Information Develop- ment Workbench. EasyEnglish helps writ- ers produce clearer and simpler English by pointing out ambiguity and complexity as well as performing some standard grammar checking. Where appropriate, EasyEnglish makes suggestions for rephrasings …...

The paper describes several possibilities of using finite-state automata a~s means for speeding up the performance of a grammar- and-parsing-based (as opposed to pattern- matching-based) grammar-checker able to detect errors from a predefined set. The ideas contained have been successflfily im- plemented in a grammar-checker for Czech, a free-word-order language …...

This paper describes the implementation of a prototype of a grammar based grammar checker for Czech and the basic ideas behind this implementation. The demo is implemented as an independent program cooperating with Microsoft Word. The grammar checker uses specialized grammar formalism which generally enables to check errors in languages …...

We focus on the probleln of building large repositories of le.rical coJtceplual structure (LCS) representations for verbs in multi- ple languages. One of the main results of this work is the definition of a rela- t, ion between broad semantic classes and LCS meaniug components. Our acquisi- tion program--LEXICALL--takes, as …...

Language learning is a relatively new appli- cation for natural language processing (NLP) and for intelligent tutoring and learning environments (ITLEs). NLP has a crucial role to play in foreign language ITLEs, whether they are designed for explicit or implicit learning of the vocabulary and grammar. FLUENT is an implicit …...

We present results of probabilistic tag- ging of Czech texts in order to show how these techniques work for one of the highly morphologically ambiguous inflective lan- guages. After description of the tag system used, we show the results of four experi- ments using a simple probabilistic model to tag …...

We describe and experimentally evaluate a complete method for the automatic ac- quisition of two-level rules for morphologi- cal analyzers/generators. The input to the system is sets of source-target word pairs, where the target is an inflected form of the source. There are two phases in the acquisi- tion process: …...

A major concern in corpus based ap- proaches is that the applicability of the ac- quired knowledge may be limited by some feature of the corpus, in particular, the no- tion of text 'domain'. In order to examine the domain dependence of parsing, in this paper, we report 1) Comparison …...

We describe an annotation scheme and a tool developed for creating linguistically annotated corpora for non-configurational languages. Since the requirements for such a formalism differ from those posited for configurational languages, several featu- res have been added, influencing the ar- chitecture of the scheme. The resulting scheme reflects a stratificational …...

We describe the use of energy function op- timisation in very shallow syntactic pars- ing. The approach can use linguistic rules and corpus-based statistics, so the strengths of both linguistic and statisti- cal approaches to NLP can be combined in a single framework. The rules are con- textual constraints for …...