Articles

We describe a practical parser for unre- stricted dependencies. The parser creates links between words and names the links according to their syntactic functions. We first describe the older Constraint Gram- mar parser where many of the ideas come from. Then we proceed to describe the cen- tral ideas of …...

Repair processing plays an important role in spoken language processing systems. This paper proposes a method for correcting Chinese repetition repairs and demonstrates the effects of repair processing in Chinese homophone disambiguation. The experimental results show that the precision rate of 93.87% and the recall rate of 90•65% can be …...

We describe the name analysis and pro- nunciation component in the German ver- sion of the Bell Labs multilingual text-to- speech system. We concentrate on street names because they encompass interest- ing aspects of geographical and personal names. The system was implemented in the framework of finite-state transducer technology, using …...

We present the dialogue module of the speech-to-speech translation system VERB- MOBIL. We follow the approach that the solution to dialogue processing in a medi- ating scenario can not depend on a single constrained processing tool, but on a com- bination of several simple, efficient, and ro- bust components. We …...

This paper presents a novel multimodal system applied to the setup and control of distributed interactive simulations. We have developed the QuickSet prototype, a pen/voice system running on a hand-held PC, communicating through a distributed agent architecture to NRaD's ~ LeatherNet system, a distributed interactive training simulator built for the …...

We describe and experimentally evaluate an efficient method for automatically de- termining small clause boundaries in spon- taneous speech. Our method applies an ar- tificial neural network to information about part of speech and trigger words. We find that with a limited amount of data (less than 2500 words for …...

We describe our experiences building spo- ken language interfaces to four demon- stration applications all involving 2- or 3-D spatial displays or gestural interac- tions: an air combat command and control simulation, an immersive VR tactical sce- nario viewer, a map-based air strike sim- ulation tool with cartographic database, and …...

We present a trainable model for identify- ing sentence boundaries in raw text. Given a corpus annotated with sentence bound- aries, our model learns to classify each oc- currence of., ?, and / as either a valid or in- valid sentence boundary. The training pro- cedure requires no hand-crafted rules, …...

Anybody who has ever had to translate a handbook, on no matter what subject, has experienced the challenge of establishing and maintaining a good and consistent terminology throughout the translation. A terminology data base is an obvious tool for meeting that challenge. So why doesn't everybody use one? The same …...

In this position paper, we make several observations about the state of the art in automatic word sense disambiguation. Mo- tivated by these observations, we offer sev- eral specific proposals to the community re- garding improved evaluation criteria, com- mon training and testing resources, and the definition of sense inventories. …...

The absence of training data is a real prob- lem for corpus-based approaches to sense disambiguation, one that is unlikely to be solved soon. Selectional preference is tra- ditionally connected with sense ambigu- ity; this paper explores how a statistical model of selectional preference, requiring neither manual annotation of selection …...

We present an approach for tagging verb sense that combines a domain-independent method based on subcategorization and al- ternations with a domain-dependent meth- od utilizing statistically extracted verb clusters. Initial results indicate that verb senses can be pruned for highly polysemous verbs by up to 74% by the first method …...

Semantic entropy is a measure of se- mantic -mbiguity and uninformative- hess. It is a graded lexical feature which may play a role anywhere lex- ical semantics plays a role. This pa- per presents a method for measuring semantic entropy using translational distributions of words in parallel text corpora. The …...

Availability of source information for se- mantic tagging (or disambignating) words in corpora is problematic. A framework to produce a semantically tagged corpus in a domain specific perspective using as source a general purpose taxonomy (i.e. Word- Net) is here proposed. The tag set is de- rived from higher level …...

We analyze the results of a semantic an- notation task performed by novice taggers as part of the WordNet SemCor project (Landes et al., in press). Each polysemous content word in a text was matched to a sense from WordNet. Comparing the per- formance of the novice taggers with that …...

This paper describes a working sense tagger, which attempts to automatically link each word in a text corpus to its corresponding sense in a machine- readable dictionary. It uses information automatically extracted from the MRD to find matches between the dictionary and the Corpus sentences, and combines different types of …...

This paper reports on our experience hand tagging the senses of 25 of the most fre- quent verbs in 12,925 sentences of the Wall Street Journal Treebank corpus (Marcus et al. 1993). The verbs are tagged with re- spect to senses in WordNet (Miller 1990). Some of the annotated verbs …...

Recent advances in large-scale, broad cov- erage part-of-speech tagging and syntactic parsing have been achieved in no small part due to the availability of large amounts of online, human-annotated corpora. In this paper, I argue that a large, human sense- tagged corpus is also critical as well as ne- cessary …...

Minnesota Contextual Content Analysis (MCCA) is a technique for characterizing the concepts and themes occurring in text (sentences, paragraphs, interview transcripts, books). MCCA tags each word with a category and examines the distribution of categories against norms representing general usage of categories. MCCA also scores texts in terms of social …...

In this paper, we report recent improve- ments to the exemplar-based learning ap- proach for word sense disambiguation that have achieved higher disambiguation accu- racy. By using a larger value of k, the number of nearest neighbors to use for de- termining the class of a test example, and through …...