Articles

Since treebanks have become available to researchers a wide variety of tech- niques has been used to make broad cov- erage parsing systems. This makes quan- titative evaluation very important, but the current evaluation methods have a number of drawbacks such as arbitrary choices in the treebank and the difficulty …...

In this paper, I discuss machine trans- lation of English text into a relatively "free" word order language, specifically Turkish. I present algorithms that use contextual information to determine what the topic and the focus of each sen- tence should be, in order to generate the contextually appropriate word orders …...

Lexical rules are used in constraint- based grammar formalisms such as llead-Driven l)hrase Structure Grammar (IIPSG) (Pollard and Sag 1994) to ex- press generalizations atnong lexical en- tries. '['his paper discusses a number of lexical rules from recent I[PSG analy- ses of German (tlinri<;hs and Nakazawa 1994) and shows that …...

Recent, work in ca.t;eg(Mj gr;mmt;~r has seen proposals for a wide. r;Lltg(~ O[ sys-. t;(;i[IS, differing in their 'resomx:e sensi- tivil;y' and hence, implicitly, {;heir under.. lying nol;ion of qinguisl;ie SLlllet;ure'. a common frmnework for t)arsing such sys- t;elns is elll(;l'ging;, whereby some inel;hod of linear logi(: l;hcorent ])roving is …...

As interaction between autonomous agents, communication can be analyzed in game-theoretic terms. Meaning game is proposed to formalize the core of intended communication in which the sender sends a message and the re- ceiver attempts to infer its meaning in- tended by the sender. Basic issues in- volved in the …...

This paper I)roposes ;t new tnethod for learning bilingual colloca, tions from sentence-aligned paralM corpora. Our method COml)ris('s two steps: (1) ex- tracting llseftll word chunks (n-grmns) by word-level sorting and (2) construct- ing bilingua,l ('ollocations t)y combining the word-(;hunl(s a(-quired iu stag(' (1). We apply the method to a …...

Centering theory posits a discourse center, a distinguished discourse en- tity that is the topic of a discourse. A simplified version of this theory is developed in a Dynamic Seman- tics framework. In dm resulting sys- tem, the mechanism of center sh/ft allows a simple, elegant analysis of a variety …...

In this paper we address the prob- lem of compound noun indexing that is about segmenting or decomposing compound nouns into promising index terms. Compound nouns as index terms that usually subscribe to specific no- tions tend to increase the precision of retrieval performance. The use of the component nouns …...

We present an approach to parallel natural language parsing which is based on a con- current, object-oriented model of computa- tion. A depth-first, yet incomplete pars- ing algorithm for a dependency grammar is specified and several restrictions on the de- gree of its parallelization are discussed. 1...

We describe a similarity calculation model called IFSM (Inherited Feature Similarity Measure) between objects (words/concepts) based on their com- mon and distinctive features. We pro- pose an implementation method for ob- taining features based on abstracted triples extracted fi'om a large text eorpus utilizing taxonomical knowledge. This model represents an …...

(1) a. We present a hybrid text understanding methodology for the resolution of textual ellipsis. It integrates language-independent conceptual criteria and language-dependent functional constraints. The methodologi- cal framework for text ellipsis resolution is the centering model that has been adapted to constraints reflecting the functional infor- mation structure within utterances, …...

The German joint research project Verb- mobil (VM) aims at the deveh)pment of a speech to speech translation sys- tem. This paper reports on research done in our group which belongs to Verb- mobil's subprojeet on system architec- tures (TP15). Our specific research areas are the construction of parsers for …...

Two problematic issues in most lexi- con systems today are their size and re- stricted domain of use. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to lexical or- ganization that leads to more compact and flexible lexicons. The lexical en- tries are conceptual/phonological frames rather than word entries, and …...

A large corpus (about 100 MB of text) was selected and examples of 750 fl'e- quently occurring verbs were tagged with their compleinent (:lass as defined by a large computational syntactic dictionary, COMLEX Syntax. This tagging task led to the refinement of already exist- ing classes and to the addition …...

Research in example-based machine translation (F,I~MT) has been hampered by the lack of efficient tree alignment al- gorithms for bilingual corpora. *ghis pa- per <lescribes an alignment algorithm for F,I~MT whose running time is quadratic in tile size of the input parse trees. 'Phe algorithm uses dynamic programming to score …...

This paper describes an algorithm for the compilation of a two (or more) level or- thographic or phonological rule notation into finite state transducers. The no- tation is an alternative to the standard one deriving from Koskenniemi's work: it is believed to have some practical de- scriptive advantages, and is …...

This paper describes a nlethod for com- piling a constraint-based grammar into a potentially inore efficient form for pro- cessing. This method takes dependent disjunctions within a constraint formula and factors them into non-interacting groups whenever possibh; by determining their independence. When a group of de- pendent disjunctions is split …...

JANUS is a multi-lingual speech-to- speech translation system designed to facilitate communication between two parties engaged in a spontaneous con- versation in a limited domain. In an attempt to achieve both robustness and translation accuracy we use two (lifter- ent translation components: the GLR module, designed to be more accu- …...

'Phis paper describes SemNet the in- ternal Knowledge t{epresentation lbr LOLI'I'A I . LOMTA is a large scale Nat- ural Language Engineering (NLE) sys- tem. As such the internal represen- tatiou must be richly expressive, mttu- ral (with respect to Natural Language), and e[[icient. In network representa- tions knowledge is …...

2 Focus theory Pulman has shown that Higher-Order Unifcation (HOU) can be used to model the interpretation of focus. In this pa- per, we extend the unification based ap- proach to cases which are often seen as a test-bed for focus theory: utterances with multiple focus operators and second occurrence …...