Articles

As part of DARPA's Strategic Computing Program, we have moved a large natural language system out of the laboratory. This involved: o Delivery of knowledge acquisition software to the Naval Ocean Systems Center (NOSC) to build linguistic knowledge bases, such as dictionary entries and case frames, o Demonstration of the …...

A signific~mt component of a user raodel in au infornration-seeking dialogue is tim task-related plazl motivating the information-seeker's queries. A number of researchers have Irmdeled the plan inference process and used these models to design more robust natural language interfaces. However in each case, it has been assumed that the …...

The purpose of this contribution is to formulate ways in which the homonymy of so- called 'Modal Particles' and their etymons can be handled. Our aim is to show that not only a strategy for this type of homonymy can be worked out, but also a formalization of information beyond …...

In this paper a two level dialogue representation system is presented° It is intended to recognize the structure of a large range of dialogues including some nonverbal communicative acts which may be involved in an interaction. It provides a syntactic description of a dialogue which can be expressed in terms …...

In the present paper we provide a report on a joint approach to the computational treatment of sentence adverbials (such as surprisingly, presumably or probably) and focussing adverbials (such as onl~ or a__ E least, including negation (not) and some other adverbial expressions, such as for examE_ ~ or inter …...

From a well represented sample of world languages Steele (1978) shows that about 70% of languages exhibit significant word order variation. Only recently has this wlde-spread phenomenon been drawing appropriate attention. Perhaps ID/LP (Immediate Dominance and Linear Precedence) framework is the most debated theories in this area. We point out …...

The function words of a language provide explicit information about how propositions are to be related. We have examined a subset of these function words, namely the subordinating conjunctions which link propositions within a sentence, using sentences taken from corpora stored on magnetic tape. On the hasis of this analysis, …...

This paper gives a formal theory of presupposition using situation semantics developed by Barwise and Perry, We will slightly modify Barwise and Perry's original theory of situation semantics so that we can deal with non-monotonic reasonings which are very important for the formalization of presupposi- tion in natural language. This …...

1 This paper will explore and discuss the less obvious ways syntactic structure is used to convey information and how this information could be used by a natural language database system as a heuristic to organize and search a discourse space. The primary concern of this paper will be to …...

The paper is a description of a parallel model for natural language parsing, and a design for its imple- mentation on the Hype,'eube multiproeessor. The pm'allel model is based on the Semantic Definite Clause Grammar formalism and integrates syntax and semantics through the commmfication of processes. The main proeessess, of …...

The analysis phase in an indirect, transfer and global approach to machine translation is studied. The analysis conducted can be described as exhaus- tive (meaning with backtracking), depth-first and strategically and heuristically driven, while the gran~nar used is an augmented context free grammar. The problem areas, being pattern matching, ambigui- …...

This paper presents a lexicon-based approach to syntactic analysis, l,exicase, and applies it to a lexicon driven computatlolml parsing system. The basic descriptive mechanism in a l,exicase grammar is lexieal features. The properties of lexieal items are represented by contextual and non-contextual features, and generalizations are expressed as relationships among …...

This report outlines a machine translation system whose linguistic component is based on principles of Government and Binding. A "universal grammar" is defined, together with pal-ameters of variation for specific languages. The system, written in Prolog, parses, generates, and translates between English and Spanish (both directions). i....

This paper looks at the use in machine Translation systems of the linguistic models of Case and Valency. It is argued that neither of these models was originally developed with this use in mind, and both must be adapted somewhat to meet this purpose. In particular, the traditional Valency distinction …...

-- An approach to extract linguis- tic knowledge from real language behavior is described. This method depends on the extraction of word relations, patterns of which are obtained by structuring the dependency relations in sentences called Kakari-Uke relation in Japanese. As the first step of this approach, an experiment of …...

A natural language understanding system is described which extracts contextual information from Japanese texts. It integrates syntactic, semantic and contextual processing serially. The syntactic analyzer obtains rough syntactic structures from the text. The semantic analyzer treats modifying relations inside noun phrases and case relations among verbs and noun phrases. Then, …...

The definition of a Text Base Management System is introduced in terms of software engineering. That gives a basis for discussing practical text admini- stration, including questions on corpus properties and appropriate retrieval criteria. Finally, strate- gies for the derivation of a word data base from an actual TBMS will …...

Researches on dialogue natural-language inter- action with intellectual "human-computer" systems are based on models of language "human-to-human" interaction, these models representing descriptions of communication laws. An aspect of developing lan- guage interaction models is an investigation of dialogue structure. In the paper a notion of elemen- tary communicative triad (SR-triad) …...

This paper describes the construction of a lexicon representing abstract concepts. This lexicon is written by an object-oriented language, CTALK, and forms a dynamic network system controlled by object-oriented mechanisms. The content of the lexicon is constructed using a Japanese dictionary. First, entry words and their definition parts are derived …...

Language interaction (LI) as a part of inter- personal communication is considerably influenced by psychological and social roles nf the partners and their pragmatic goals. These aspects of communica- tion should be accounted for while elaborating advanced user-computer dialogue systems and develop- ing formal models of LI. We propose here …...