Articles

A crucial test for any MT system is its power to solve lexical ambiluities. The size of the lexicon, its structural principles and the availability of extra-lin_~istic knowled~q are the most important aspects in this respect. This paper outlines the experimental development of the SWESIL system: a structured lexicon-based word …...

This paper introduces Collativc Semantics (CS), a new domain-independent semantics for n~tural language processing (NLP) which addresses the problems of lexieal ambiguity, met(> nymy, various semantic relations (conventional relations, redundant relations, contradictory relations, metaphorical rela- tions and severely anomalous relations) aud the...

Determiners play an important role in conveying the meaning of an utterance, but they have often been disregarded, perhaps because it seemed more i~portant to devise methods to grasp the global meaning of a sentence, even if not in a precise way. Another problem with determiners is their inherent a~bigulty. …...

In every application that concerns the automatic processing of natural language, the problem of the dictionary size is posed. In this paper , we propose a compression dictionary al~orithm based on an affix ana- lysis of the non diacritical Arabic. It consists in decomposing a word into its first elements …...

This paper presents a disambiguation approach for translating non-segmented-Kana into Kanji. The method consists of two steps. In the first step, an input sentence is analyzed morphologically and ambiguous morphemes are stored in a network form. In the second step, the best path, which is a string of morphemes, is …...

: LR(k,t), BCP(m,n) and LRRL(k) grammars, and their relations to Marcus parsing are discussed. 1....

Dialogue systems should provide a cooperative informational dialogue aimed at knowledge sharing . In the paper speech acts of assertion (SAA) are assumed to be the means of achieving this goal. A typology of SAAs is proposed which reflects certain cognitive aspects of communicative situation at different stages of mutual …...

The development of natural language interfaces to Artifi- cial Intelligence systems is dependent on the representation of knowledge. A major impediment to building such systems has been the difficulty in adding sufficient linguistic and concep- tual knowledge to extend and adapt their capabilities. This difficulty has been apparent in systems …...

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the phenomenon of nonmonotonicity in a natural lan- guage and £o formulate a number of general prin- ciples which should be taken in%o consideration while constructing a discourse oriented nonmo- notonic formalism....

The two-level grammar is investigated as a notation for giving formal specification of the context-frec and context-sensitive aspects of n,~tural language syntax. In this paper, a large class of English declarative sentences, including post-noun-modificatlon by relative clauses, is formalized using a two-level grammar. The principal advantages of two- level grammar …...

An overview of TOPIC is provided, a knowledge-based text information system for the analysis of German- language texts. TOPIC supplies text condensates (summaries) on variable degrees of generality and makes available facts acquired from the texts. The presentation focuses on the major methodological principles underlying the design of TOPIC: a …...

Current (computational) linguistic theories have developed specific fos'malisllls for representing linguistic phenomena such as unbounded dependencies, relatives, etc, In this contribution we present a model el linguistic structures storing and accessing, which accounts for the same phenomena in a procedural way. Such a model has been implemented in the frame …...

A new Theory of Names and Descriptions that offers a uniform treatment for many types of non-singular concepts found in natural language discourse is presented. We introduce a layered model of the language denotational base (the universe) in which every world object Js assagned a layer (level) reflecting its relative …...

In virtually all current natural-language dialog systems, users can only refer to objects by using linguistic descriptions. How- ever, in human face-to-face conversation, participants fre= quently use various sorts of deictic gestures as well. In this paper, we will present the referent identification component of XTRA, a system for a …...

Traditionally, text is stored on computers as a stremn of characters. The goal of this research is to store text in a form that facilitates word manipu- lation whilst reducing storage space. A word list with syntactic linear ordering is stored and words in a text are given two-byte integer …...

CRITAC (CRITiquing using ACcumulated knowledge) is an experimental expert system for proofreading Japanese text. It detects mistypes, Kana-to-Kanji misconversions, and stylistic errors. This system combines Prolog-coded heuristic knowledge with conventional Japanese text processing tech- niques which involve heavy computation and access to large language databases. 1....

: The paper describes the design of a fair sized lexi- cal database that is to be used with a natural language based expert system with German as the language of inte- raction. Sources for entries and tools for constructing and maintaining the database are discussed, as well as the …...

Nowadays, Mr systems grow to such a stze that a f i r s t specification step is necessary if we want to be able to master their developement and maintenance, for the software part as well for the linguistic part ("lingwares"). Advocating for a clean separation between linguistic tasks …...

Creating a knowledge base has always been a bottleneck in the implementation of AI systems. This is also true for Natural I,anguage Understanding (NhU) systems, particularly [or data-driven ones. While a perfect system for automatic acquisition of all sorts of knowledge is still far from being realized, partial solutions are …...

It has been recognized that single words extracted from natural language texts are not always useful for the representation of information content. Associated or related terms, and complex content identifiers derived from thesauruses and knowledge bases, or constructed by automatic word grouping techniques, have therefore been proposed for text identification …...