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This study is the first to examine the effect of perceptual training on Mandarin tone sandhi production by Cantonese speakers. Auditory and visual inputs of tone sandhi contrasts were included …...

AbstractRecent work has found evidence that natural languages are shaped by pressures for efficient communication — e.g. the more contextually predictable a word is, the fewer speech sounds or syllables …...

AbstractLanguage modelling and machine translation tasks mostly use subword or character inputs, but syllables are seldom used. Syllables provide shorter sequences than characters, require less-specialised extracting rules than morphemes, and …...