Articles

How can grammar be viewed as a functional part of a cognitive system) Given a neural basis for the processing control paradigm of language performance, what roles does 'Sgrammar" play? Is there evidence to suggest that grammatical pro- cessing can be independent from other aspects of language processing? This paper …...

The desirability of a syntactic parsing com- ponent in natural language understanding systems has been the subject of debate for the past several years. This paper describes an approach to auto- marie text processing which is entirely based on syntactic form. A program is described which processes one genre of …...

Dictionaries are rich sources of detailed semantic infor- mation, but in order to use the information for natural language processing, it must be organized systematically. This paper describes automatic and semi-automatic procedures for extracting and organizing semantic fea= ture information implicit in dictionary definitions. Two head-finding heuristics are described for …...

How lexical information should be formulated, and how it is organized in computer memory for rapid retrieval, are central questions for computational linguists who want to create systems for language understanding. How lexical knowledge is acquired, and how it is organized in human memory for rapid retrieval during language use, …...

This paper describes a set of interactive routines that can be used to create, maintain, and update a computer lexicon. The routines are available to the user as a set of commands resembling a simple operating system. The lexicon pro- duced by this system is based on lexi- cal-semantic relations, …...

The lexicon now plays a central role in our imple- mentation of a Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), given the massive relocation into the lexicon of linguistic information that was carried by the phrase structure rules in the old GPSG system. HPSG's gram- max contains fewer tha4z twenty (very general) …...

INKA is a natural language interface to facilitate knowledge acquisition during expert system development for electronic instrument trouble-thooting. The expert system design methodology develops a domain definition, called GLIB, in the form of a semantic grammar. This grammar for- mat enables GLIB to be used with the INGLISH interface, which …...

It is widely recognized that a question-answerlng system should be able to tailor its answers to the user. One of the dimensions Mong which thus tailoring can occur is with respect to the level of knowledge of a user about a domain. In particular, responses should be different depending on …...

The problem of manually modifying the lexicon appears with any natural language processing program. Ideally, a program should be able to acquire new lexieal entries from context, the way people learn. We address the problem of acquiring entire phrases, specifically Jigurative phr~es, through augmenting a phr~al lezico~ Facilitating such a …...

Humans know a great deal about relationships among words. This paper discusses relationships among word pronunciations. We describe a computer system which models human judgement of rhyme by assigning specific roles to the location of primary stress, the similarity of phonetic segments, and other factors. By using the model as …...

The goal of thls work is the enrichment of human-machlne mteractIons in a natural language envlronment. 1 We want to provide a framework less restrictive than earlier ones by allowing a speaker leeway tn forming an utterance about a task and in determining the conversational vehicle to deliver it, A …...

In the new Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) language processing system that is currently under development at Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, the Montagovian semantics of the earlier GPSG system (see [Gawron et al. 19821) is replaced by a radically different approach with a number of distinct advantages. In place of the lambda …...

We describe how movement is handled in a class of computational devices called active production networks (APNs). The APN model is a parallel, activation-basod framework that ha= been applied to other aspects of natural language processing. The model is briefly defined, the notation and mechanism for movement is explained, and …...

The aim of the present paper is to show how a rule-based parser for the Italian language has been extended to analyze sentences involving conjunc- tions. The most noticeable fact is the ease with ~4nich the required modifications fit in the previ- ous parser structure. In particular, the rules written …...

By generalizing the notion of location of a constituent to allow discontinuous Ioctaions, one can describe the discontinuous consti- tuents of non-configurational languages. These discontinuous consti- tuents can be described by a variant of definite clause grammars, and these grammars can be used in conjunction with a proof pro- cedure …...

In this paper we apply some recent work of Angluin (1982) to the induction of the English auxiliary verb system. In general, the induction of finite automata is computation- ally intractable. However, Angluin shows that restricted finite automata, the It-reversible automata, can be learned by el~cient (polynomial time) algorithms. We …...

.\lodern linguistic theory attributes surface complexity to interacting snbsystems of constraints. ["or instance, the ID LP gr,'unmar formalism separates constraints on immediate dominance from those on linear order. 5hieber's (t983) ID/I.P parsing algorithm shows how to use ID and LP constraints directly in language process- ing, without expandiqg them into …...

This pallet derives the ha.sis of a theory, of communication from a formal theov,.' of rational interaction. The major result is a <h, mon~t fallen t hat. ilh,c,tionary acts need not I)e primitive, and .ee, I uot he reco~'nized..\s a t,'st case. we derive Searle's con- dit ions on reqt,est …...

This report describes a logic grammar formalism, Modular Logic Grammars, exhibiting a high degree of modularity between syntax and semantics. There is a syntax rule compiler (compiling into Prolog) which takes care of the building of analysis structures and the interface to a clearly separated semantic interpretation component dealing with …...

This paper proposes an analysis method for Japanese modality. In this purpose, meaning of Japanese modality is classified into four semantic categories and the role of it is formalized into five modality functions. Based on these formalizations, information and constraints to be applied to the modality analysis procedure are specified. …...